准新翅总目

准新翅总目（学名：Paraneoptera），或作准新翅亚节、副翅目等，是昆虫的一个单系总目。

准新翅总目物种的口器反映了物种间进食习惯的多样性：基群以微生物表面为食，而更高级的群体则以植物或动物体液为食。

过往本分类单元被视为一个“亚节”，但现时被视为一个“总目”级的分类单元。传统分类会视“虱毛目”跟“啮虫目”为两个目，所以认为准新翅总目下领四个目；但较近期的分类已倾向视传统分类中由“虱毛目”及“啮虫目”组成的“啮虫总目”来替代啮虫目的地位，这样，准新翅总目之下就只有三个目，分别为：

半翅目（Hemiptera；/hɛˈmɪptərə/）是昆虫纲之下的一个目，包括约5至8万个不同物种的目，计有沙蝉（英语：cicada）、蚜虫、蜡蝉（英语：planthopper）、叶蝉、蝽象等不同昆虫。这些昆虫的大小从最小的1毫米（0.039英寸）到最大的15厘米（5.9英寸），而且它们的吸啜状口器有共同的排列。

现在的啮虫目（Psocodea，合并后分类）由旧有分类的原啮虫目（Psocoptera）及虱毛目（Phthiraptera）组成：

Bark lice are found on foliage, under bark, or in leaf litter. Most species are microbial surface feeders, some species feed on dead insects and a few species, known as 啮虫目, eat paper products. Many species live gregarious（英语：gregarious）ly. Mating behavior can be elaborate.

The body of a louse is dorsoventrally flattened and the eyes are absent or nearly so. The legs are strong for holding onto fur or feathers of the host. Amblycera have chewing mouthparts, and Anoplura have true sucking mouthparts with stylets（英语：Stylet (anatomy)）. Chewing lice feed on feathers, hair and skin surface detritus, whereas sucking lice feed exclusively on blood. Most species of lice are host specific, with the sucking lice being more host specific than chewing lice. There is strong evidence for host-parasite coevolution in some groups. Because lice are wingless, transfer between hosts usually involves direct contact during mating, brooding and nursing of young, sharing of communal nest sites or even during predator-prey interactions. Lice have the fewest life stages of any insect (egg, 3 larval instars, and adult).

缨翅目（Thysanoptera）为体型微细（体长0.5至5 mm）之昆虫:35，包括有5500个物种，按其产卵管（即其第十腹节:38）之形态再细分为两个亚目：

缨翅目物种有其独特的左右不对称穿透性刺吸式:36口器。旧名“泡足目”（Physopoda），因为其足跗节具有独特的可外翻胞状囊，使之可黏附在基底上。蓟马通常在花朵上和花朵中发现。食性相当广泛，当中有不少的种类是重要的农业害虫：大多数种类是食植物性的，以花或花粉为食；也有些种类以真菌为食，而少数种类是以其他昆虫（例如：其他小型昆虫或者螨类）为食。