IFN-γ

1EKU, 1FG9, 1FYH, 1HIG, 3BES· extracellular space· negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter · neutrophil apoptotic process · regulation of the force of heart contraction · positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation · adaptive immune response · CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response · negative regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis · apoptotic process · cellular component movement · humoral immune response · cell cycle arrest · cell surface receptor signaling pathway · response to virus · cytokine-mediated signaling pathway · antigen processing and presentation · neutrophil chemotaxis · endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response · negative regulation of myelination · positive regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic · negative regulation of interleukin-17 production · positive regulation of interleukin-12 production · positive regulation of interleukin-23 production · positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production · positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein · positive regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process · positive regulation of T cell proliferation · response to drug · positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein · defense response to bacterium · defense response to protozoan · negative regulation of growth of symbiont in host · positive regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process · positive regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process · positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process · positive regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process · positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process · positive regulation of neuron differentiation · positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation · positive regulation of cell adhesion · positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter · positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes · negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation · positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion · regulation of insulin secretion · positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis · defense response to virus · positive regulation of killing of cells of other organism · interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway · regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway · positive regulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity · positive regulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolic process · positive regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process · positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity · cellular response to lipopolysaccharide · cellular response to interleukin-18 · negative regulation of metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation结构 / ECOD干扰素-γ（Interferon gamma、Interferon-γ、IFNG、IFNγ）是水溶性二聚体的细胞因子。是II型干扰素的唯一成员曾被称为巨噬细胞活化因子。干扰素伽玛蛋白的单体是由六个α螺旋组成一个核心和在C端区延伸展开的片断序列。生物活性的二聚体是由两个反平行相互锁定的单体形成。所有的细胞都可以产生干扰素-α和干扰素-β， 而干扰素伽玛只由活化T细胞和自然杀伤细胞（NK细胞）产生。 在血清学上，I型干扰素是酸稳定， 而干扰素伽玛则遇酸变性。干扰素伽玛具有抗病毒、免疫调节及抗肿瘤特性。可以与结合到干扰素伽玛受体(IFNGR)，干扰素伽玛受体由两个亚基组成。干扰素伽玛结合激活其受体调节JAK-STAT通路。干扰素伽玛激活抗原提呈细胞，通过上调转录因子T-bet而促进I型辅助T细胞(Th1细胞)的分化。干扰素伽玛是I型辅助T细胞(Th1细胞)的标志性的细胞因子。II型辅助T细胞(Th2细胞)释放白细胞介素-4 (IL-4) 和白细胞介素-13 (IL-13)。自然杀伤细胞和CD8+T细胞也产生干扰素伽玛。干扰素伽玛通过迅速降解RANK-RANKL信号通路的TRAF6而抑制破骨细胞形成。干扰素可以用来治疗传染病，但也能促成自体免疫。在接受干扰素伽玛治疗的病人中，多达19%的病人会有自体免疫.干扰素IFNγ用于猪生殖与呼吸道综合症PRRSV的治疗上，有试验发现干扰素IFNγ能活化先天免疫细胞，进而达到抑制病毒数量的效果。A型流感的治疗上，也有小鼠试验表现出当缺失干扰素后，流感感染小鼠死亡率大幅提升且体内病毒数量维持高浓度水平；相较之下，体内有干扰素存在的小鼠，流感病毒数量随着干扰素的生成而逐渐下降。干扰素-γ