艺术与建筑索引典

✍ dations ◷ 2025-07-21 21:37:02 #索引典,受控词表,开放资料,保罗·盖蒂信托基金

艺术与建筑索引典(英语:Art & Architecture Thesaurus,AAT)是一个用来描述关于艺术、建筑和物质文化项目的受控词表。AAT收录各种通用术语,如“大教堂”,但不收录专有名词,如“圣母大教堂”。AAT供博物馆、艺术图书馆、档案馆以及艺术和艺术史研究人员等使用。AAT符合ISO 2788(英语:ISO 2788),ISO 25964(英语:ISO 25964)和ANSI / NISO Z39.19标准。

AAT是一个约44000个概念的结构化词汇表,包括131,000个术语、描述、书目引用,以及与美术、建筑、装饰艺术、档案材料和物质文化有关的其他信息。

The AAT project began in the late 1970s in response to the gradual automation of records by art libraries, art journal indexing services, and catalogers of museum objects and visual resources. Automation required consistency in cataloging as well as more efficient retrieval of information; a controlled vocabulary was a solution to both these problems. The project was conceived by library directors and architectural experts Toni Petersen, Dora Crouch, and Pat Molholt and was originally headquartered part-time at RPI in Troy, NY, then at Bennington College in Bennington, VT and later moved to Williamstown, Massachusetts, with the J. Paul Getty Trust providing technical advice and funding. In 1983 the Getty Trust took over editorial responsibility. The AAT offices relocated to the Getty's Los Angeles headquarters in order to better coordinate with two other similar Getty projects, the Union List of Artist Names (ULAN) and Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names (TGN) soon after its publication.

The AAT was published in 1990 and 1994 in both print and electronic form. By 1997, the size and frequency of updates made hard-copy publication unfeasible and the decision was made to publish via a searchable online Web interface and in data files available for licensing. The online Web interface is freely-accessible from any computer connected to the Internet. Final editorial control of the AAT is maintained by the Getty Vocabulary Program, part of the Getty Research Institute.

Since 2008, Taiwan e-Learning and Digital Archives Program (TELDAP) collaborated with Getty Research Institute (GRI) in developing the Chinese-language Art & Architecture Thesaurus (AAT-Taiwan). The initial goal of this project is to provide multilingual search and corresponding images in integrate digital archives systems of Taiwan, and broaden the inclusion of terms related to Asian art, architecture and material culture in AAT.

The AAT can be used in several ways:

AAT is available as Linked Open Data at vocab.getty.edu since February 2014 and is updated bi-weekly.

The initial core set of terms was derived from authority lists and the literature of art and architectural history; this core set was reviewed, approved and added to by an advisory team made up scholars from all relevant disciplines, including art and architectural historians, architects, librarians, visual resource curators, archivists, museum personnel, and specialists in thesaurus construction. Its hierarchy was inspired by the Medical Subject Headings. All eras from antiquity to the present are covered, and it is not limited geographically.

As of January 2007, the AAT contained approximately 131,000 terms. While the thesaurus contains many variations on a term, such as singular and plural forms, spelling variants, various forms of speech, and synonyms, one is always flagged as the preferred term. Terms are updated biweekly and regular users are encouraged to propose new terms.

In 2015 AAT contains 354,000 terms. They are available in 4 major languages (English, Dutch, Spanish and Chinese), and some terms in various native languages.

The AAT is a faceted classification system as well as a hierarchical one. There are seven facets:

相关

  • 香菇多糖香菇多糖(英语:Lentinan)是从香菇(Lentinula edodes)子实体或菌丝中分离的一种多糖,以β-1,3-葡聚糖为主,在6号位碳原子上有支链。透过静脉注射,有免疫激活和抗肿瘤活性,特别是胃癌
  • 分子动理论分子运动论(英语:kinetic theory of gases,又称气体动力论)是描述气体为大量做永不停息的随机运动的粒子(原子或分子,物理学上一般不加区分,都称作分子)。快速运动的分子不断地碰撞
  • 盂兰盆节盂兰盆节(日语:お盆/おぼん Obon)是日本的传统节日,即当地的中元节与盂兰盆节,或简称御盆节。日本在飞鸟时代由隋唐时期的中国传入盂兰盆节,后来与当地民俗结合,具有独特的庆祝方式
  • 坦帕湾坦帕湾(英语:Tampa Bay)位于美国佛罗里达州西海岸中部,与墨西哥湾相连,周边有马纳蒂县、皮尼拉斯县和希尔斯伯勒县以及坦帕、圣彼得斯堡和克利尔沃特等城市。横跨坦帕湾的阳光高
  • 裸鳃类见内文裸鳃目(学名:Nudibranchia;/ˈnjuːdᵻbræŋk/)是原来裸鳃亚目下的软体动物。它们身体柔软、没有外壳及栖于水中,其颜色非常鲜艳。裸鳃类原是后鳃目之下的一个亚目级分类,2
  • 常胜军常胜军,初名洋枪队,指中国清朝对抗太平天国后期,清官、商出资与英、美等外国军官,中国、欧美、南洋等士兵组成的佣兵武力,历任队长为华飞烈、白聚文、查尔斯·戈登。李鸿章曾与这
  • 西便制《西便制》(韩语:서편제)是韩国导演林权泽执导的一部讲述一个韩国盘索里传统艺术家庭的1993年音乐故事片。该片上映之时并没有期待有很大的观众群,因此最初只是在首尔的一家影院
  • 惠特贝瑞惠特贝瑞 (Whitbread)是英国的一家连锁酒店集团,总部位于伦敦。惠特贝瑞最大的下属酒店品牌是英国最大的连锁酒店Premier Inn。惠特贝瑞也是伦敦证券交易所的上市公司。
  • 南昌高新区南昌高新技术产业开发区(简称:高新区;全称:南昌国家高新技术产业开发区)是中国江西省南昌市下辖的一个经济开发区,创建于1991年3月,是江西省首个国家级高新技术产业开发区。南昌高
  • 公共事务公共事务(英语:Public affairs)是指统治阶层为了把社会控制在“秩序”范围内、推动社会发展,所进行的满足社会成员共同需要与要求的一系列社会活动。从广义上看,其可以被定义为组