已测序的生物

已测序的生物指其基因组已经被完全测序的生物。其中部分生物的DNA序列已经被完全注释，功能性的片段（如基因等）已作图。借助于基因组研究及高通量处理等技术，越来越多的生物的全部基因被人们获得。自从1995年以来已经有150个基因组被解密，将近每个星期有新的物种添加进来。下表是目前为止已经被相当完全测序的生物。Sesamum indicum L. Sesame芝麻（2n = 26） 293.7 Mb, 10,656 orfs 1Oryza brachyantha短药野生稻 261 Mb, 32,038 orfs 2Chondrus crispus Red seaweed爱尔兰海藻 105 Mb, 9,606 orfs 3Pyropia yezoensis susabi-nori海苔 43 Mb, 10,327 orfs 4Prunus persica Peach桃 226.6 of 265 Mb 27,852 orfs 5Aegilops tauschii山羊草（DD） 4.23 Gb (97% of the 4.36), 43,150 orfs 6Triticum urartu乌拉尔图小麦（AA） 4.66 Gb (94.3 % of 4.94 Gb, 34,879 orfs 7moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla)毛竹 2.05 Gb (95%) 31,987 orfs 8Cicer arietinum Chickpea 鹰嘴豆 ~738-Mb，28,269 orfs 9 520 Mb (70% of 740 Mb), 27,571 orfs 10Prunus mume梅 280 Mb, 31,390 orfs 11Gossypium hirsutum L.陆地棉 2.425 Gb 12Gossypium hirsutum L.雷蒙德氏棉 761.8 Mb 13Citrus sinensis甜橙 87.3% of ~367 Mb, 29,445 orfs 14甜橙 367 Mb 15Citrullus lanatus watermelon西瓜 353.5 of ~425 Mb (83.2%) 23,440 orfs 16Betula nana dwarf birch，矮桦 450 Mb 17Nannochloropsis oceanica CCMP1779微绿球藻（产油藻类之一） 28.7 Mb，11,973 orfs 18Triticum aestivum bread wheat普通小麦 17 Gb, 94,000 and 96,000 orfs 19Hordeum vulgare L. barley大麦 1.13 Gb of 5.1 Gb，26,159 high confidence orfs，53,000 low confidence orfs 20Gossypium raimondii cotton雷蒙德氏棉 D subgenome,88% of 880 Mb 40,976 orfs 21Linum usitatissimum flax亚麻 302 mb (81%), 43,384 orfs 22Musa acuminata banana香蕉 472.2 of 523 Mb, 36,542 orfs 23Cucumis melo L. melon甜瓜 375 Mb（83.3%）27,427 orfs 24Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd. cv. Dangshansuli梨（砀山酥梨） 512.0 Mb (97.1%), 42,812 orfs 25,26Solanum lycopersicum番茄 760/900 Mb，34727 orfs 27S. pimpinellifolium LA1589野生番茄 739 MbSetaria狗尾草属（谷子、青狗尾草） 400 Mb，25000-29000 orfs 28,29Cajanus cajan pigeonpea木豆 833 Mb，48,680 orfs 30Nannochloropis gaditana一种海藻 ~29 Mb, 9,052 orfs 31Medicago truncatula蒺藜苜蓿 350.2 Mb, 62,388 orfs 32Brassica rapa白菜 485 Mb 33Solanum tuberosum马铃薯（DM） 725 Mb,39031 orfs 34Thellungiella parvula条叶蓝芥 13.08 Mb 29,338 orfs 35Arabidopsis lyrata lyrata玉山筷子芥? 183.7 Mb, 32670 orfs 36Fragaria vesca野草莓 240 Mb，34,809 orfs 37Theobroma cacao可可 76% of 430 Mb, 28,798 orfs 38Aureococcus anophagefferens褐潮藻 32 Mb, 11501 orfs 39Selaginella moellendorfii江南卷柏 208.5 Mb, 34782 orfs 40Jatropha curcas Palawan麻疯树 285.9 Mb, 40929 orfs 41Oryza glaberrima光稃稻（非洲栽培稻） 206.3 Mb (0.6x), 10 080 orfs（>70% coverage） 42Phoenix dactylifera棕枣 380 Mb of 658 Mb, 25,059 orfs 43Chlorella sp. NC64A小球藻属 40000 Kb, 9791 orfs 44Ricinus communis蓖麻 325 Mb, 31,237 orfs 45Malus domestica (Malus x domestica) 苹果 742.3 Mb 46Volvox carteri f. nagariensis 69-1b 一种团藻 120 Mb, 14437 orfs 47Brachypodium distachyon 短柄草 272 Mb，25,532 orfs 48Glycine max cultivar Williams 82栽培大豆 1.1 Gb, 46430 orfs 49Zea mays ssp. Mays Zea mays ssp. Parviglumis Zea mays ssp. Mexicana Tripsacum dactyloides var. meridionale 无法下载附表 50Zea mays mays cv. B73玉米 2.06 Gb, 106046 orfs 51Cucumis sativus 9930黄瓜 243.5 Mb, 63312 orfs 52Micromonas pusilla金藻 21.7 Mb, 10248 orfs 53Sorghum bicolor高粱 697.6 Mb, 32886 orfs 54Phaeodactylum tricornutum三角褐指藻 24.6 Mb, 9479 orfs 55Carica papaya L. papaya番木瓜 271 Mb (75%), 28,629 orfs 56Physcomitrella patens patens小立碗藓 454 Mb, 35805 orfs 57Vitis vinifera L. Pinot Noir, clone ENTAV 115 葡萄 504.6 Mb, 29585 orfs 58Vitis vinifera PN40024 葡萄 475 Mb 59Ostreococcus lucimarinus 绿色鞭毛藻 13.2 Mb, 7640 orfs 60Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 莱茵衣藻 100 Mb, 15256 orfs 61Populus trichocarpa 黑三角叶杨 550 Mb, 45000 orfs 62Ostreococcus tauri 绿藻 12.6 Mb, 7892 orfs 63Oryza sativa ssp. japonica 粳稻 360.8 Mb, 37544 orfs 64Thalassiosira pseudonana硅藻 25 Mb, 11242 orfs 65Cyanidioschyzon merolae 10D红藻 16.5 Mb, 5331 orfs 66Oryza sativa ssp. japonica粳稻 420 Mb, 50000 orfs 67Oryza sativa L. ssp. Indica籼稻 420 Mb, 59855 orfs 68Guillardia theta 蓝隐藻 551 Kb, 553 orfs 69Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia 拟南芥 119.7 Mb, 31392 orfs 701 Zhang, H. et al. Genome sequencing of the important oilseed crop Sesamum indicum L. Genome Biology 14, 401 (2013).2 Chen, J. et al. Whole-genome sequencing of Oryza brachyantha reveals mechanisms underlying Oryza genome evolution. Nat Commun 4, 1595 (2013).3 Collén, J. et al. 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