大渡河

坐标：30°01′53″N 102°49′33″E / 30.0314268°N 102.8257958°E / 30.0314268; 102.8257958大渡河即金川（藏语：.mw-parser-output .uchen{font-family:"Qomolangma-Dunhuang","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchen","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchung","Qomolangma-Uchen Suring","Qomolangma-Uchen Sutung","Qomolangma-Title","Qomolangma-Subtitle","Qomolangma-Woodblock","DDC Uchen","DDC Rinzin",Kailash,"BabelStone Tibetan",Jomolhari,"TCRC Youtso Unicode","Tibetan Machine Uni",Wangdi29,"Noto Sans Tibetan","Microsoft Himalaya"}.mw-parser-output .ume{font-family:"Qomolangma-Betsu","Qomolangma-Chuyig","Qomolangma-Drutsa","Qomolangma-Edict","Qomolangma-Tsumachu","Qomolangma-Tsuring","Qomolangma-Tsutong","TibetanSambhotaYigchung","TibetanTsugRing","TibetanYigchung"}རྒྱལ་མོ་རྔུལ་ཆུ་，威利：rgyal rong rgyal mo rngul chu），古称沫水、涐水、北江、戢水、大渡水、濛水、泸水、泸河、阳、阳山江、羊山江、中镇河、鱼通河、铜河，是岷江的最大支流，位于中华人民共和国四川省中西部，发源于青海省玉树藏族自治州境内巴颜喀拉山南麓，向南入四川省分别流经阿坝藏族羌族自治州、甘孜藏族自治州、雅安市、凉山彝族自治州、乐山市。流域面积9.2万平方公里。大渡河有两源，西源麻尔柯河和东源多柯河，汇合后称大金川、接纳小金川后称大渡河，在雅安境内安顺场附近折向东流，在乐山县草鞋渡纳青衣江与岷江汇合。大渡河沿途多峡谷，水流湍急。全河落差4173米。由于大渡河的长度与水量均超过乐山汇合处之上游的岷江，因此有人认为岷江水系的正源是大渡河，而不是岷江。1863年，太平天国的翼王石达开曾受困于大渡河，多次抢渡不成，“粮尽食及草根，草尽食及战马，兼之疟疾流行，死亡枕籍”，最后全军覆没。红军长征时曾经强渡安顺场和夺取经过大渡河铁索桥泸定桥。