东亚飞蝗

✍ dations ◷ 2025-09-19 01:20:08 #蝗科

东亚飞蝗()是飞蝗的一个亚种。由于本物种跟同种的非州飞蝗在体型及结构上的差别很大,所以被认为是另一个亚种。本物种发现于中国大陆及东南亚,是当地农业的主要害虫,对当地作为主食的禾本科经济作物造成巨大损耗。东亚飞蝗基本上是一种独居性昆虫(solitary insects),但在条件适合时,会进入一种群居模式。这个时候,幼虫会组成队伍,一起移动,而成虫会结集群行。尽管近年东亚飞蝗的爆发无论在规模和次数都下降了,因为农业生产模式的转变及更好的侦查蝗虫出现的方法,东亚飞蝗到现在仍然存在,而且依然是重要的农作物害虫,未来仍然有爆发的可能。

东亚飞蝗在体型上较非州飞蝗为小。其存在可分为独居阶段及群居阶段:独居蝗虫的颜色可以是绿色或褐色,但当虫口数量增加,令生活空间下降,褐色的蝗虫会变成占多数。蝗科的若虫叫作“蝗蝻”(Nymph)或“跳蝻”(Hopper),因为它们的翅螃还未成长,无法飞行。这些若虫在初孵化时是灰棕色,但当成长后,它们的颜色会变为绿色或棕色;而当环境变得干燥时,棕色会变更常见。当它们的密度增加,他们开始形成跳蝻带,颜色变得更红,呈橙楬色或红褐色,有黑色斑纹。

东亚飞蝗分布于东南亚。蝗灾曾发生于泰国、马来西亚、爪哇、苏拉威西岛以及日本南端。 台湾虽为海岛,因飞蝗飞行力强,故曾数次侵袭台湾,并带来相当大的灾情,甘蔗、稻米等严重的损失。

The adult female Oriental migratory locust deposits a number of egg pods in the ground over the course of a few weeks. The sites selected include soft soils such as volcanic ash, alluvial soils and sand. Each pod contains between fifteen and a hundred eggs and most females lay from two to seven pods during the breeding season. The eggs hatch 10 to 24 days later and the nymphs develop through 5 or 6 instars, taking between 26 and 61 days to fully develop. Females do not lay eggs when the temperature is below 21 °C(70 °F), and above this temperature, development times reduces as the temperature rises until 32 °C(90 °F) is reached, after which no further reduction takes place.

Locusts change their behaviour and are attracted to each other when there are large numbers in close proximity. This behaviour starts when the nymphs are quite small and form a band that move together as a cohesive unit. The band of hoppers can travel a distance of up to 4千米(2.5英里) per day, mostly moving downhill, stopping sporadically to feed and bask in the sun. When the insects are fully developed and have wings, they stay together as a swarm. Solitary adults usually fly by night but gregarious ones fly by day. The new adults mature and become sexually active in three or four weeks. There may be up to five generations per year in the Philippines, but in the cooler parts of China, there may be just one or two.

Outbreaks tend to originate in two types of habitat; soft flood plains periodically inundated by floodwater and forest clearings. In the latter case, the land is cleared for growing crops but when the soil is exhausted it is abandoned and cultivation moves elsewhere. The grasses and weeds that grow in the clearing provide food for locust nymphs and cultivated areas nearby provide soft soil for mass egg deposition.

A serious outbreak of the Oriental migratory locust occurred in Indonesia in 1997-1998. It was first observed in the provinces of Lampung, South Sumatra and Bengkulu in 1997 and then seemed to disappear. It reappeared early in 1998 and intensified, with nearly 20,000 hectares of rice and 15,000 hectares of maize being affected. It may have been triggered by the drought conditions of 1997.

Outbreaks in China historically occurred about every ten years, usually after dry summers were succeeded by warm winters. The swarms were mostly restricted by the surrounding uplands to the river valleys. Low-lying land that floods intermittently in the delta areas of the Yellow River has been identified as outbreak centres. During the period 2002 to 2006, outbreaks of hopper bands in this locality were biologically controlled with the fungal pathogen by ground and aerial applications, giving a kill rate greater than 90%.

In the Philippines, there were four major plagues in the first half of the twentieth century. They seem to have originated in southern Mindanao around Sarangani Bay. They tended to follow periods of below average rainfall. Since about 1960, the Oriental migratory locust has been less of a problem in the Philippines, probably because cultivation practices have changed and there is less untended grassland where populations can build up undetected.

An outbreak in southern Japan was discovered on an uninhabited island in 1986. A wildfire had restricted the area available to the locusts for feeding and later provided ideal conditions for egg deposition. Hopper bands with a density of 1000 insects per square metre roamed around and swarms of adults occurred over the whole island; the outbreak was brought under control later in the year by spraying.

相关

  • 高压氧治疗舱高压氧治疗,或简称高压氧,英文:Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) ,乃医学上利用高压的氧气来提供治疗的方式。高压氧治疗利用了几个原理:高压氧最主要的治疗适应症包括:以上除一
  • 几内亚面积以下资讯是以2019年估计国家领袖国内生产总值(购买力平价) 以下资讯是以2016年估计国内生产总值(国际汇率) 以下资讯是以2016年估计人类发展指数 以下资讯是以2018年估计几
  • 背景辐射背景辐射(英语:background radiation),又称本底辐射,是在环境中持续存在,可以是源自人为排放或自然存在的辐射,主要的来源有:大约有3%的背景辐射来自其他的人造来源,像是:意外的暴露在
  • span class=nowrapIrClsub4/sub/span四氯化铱是一种无机化合物,化学式为IrCl4,为水溶性的暗褐色无定形固体。四氯化铱的结构未得到准确表征,分子中会含有少量水和氯铱(IV)酸。它用于制备催化剂,如Henbest催化剂,可用
  • 切叶蚁切叶蚁为通用名称,泛指美洲切叶蚁属 (Atta spp.) 及顶切叶蚁属(英语:Acromyrmex) (Acromyrmex spp.)中拥有切割叶片习性的蚂蚁,总共 47 种。切叶蚁为生存于热带的蚂蚁,是南美洲、
  • 化石能源化石燃料(Fossil Fuel),亦称矿石燃料,是一种碳氢化合物或其衍生物,包括煤炭、石油和天然气等天然资源。其中原油通过石油化学工业精炼生产得到的产品也称为石化燃料。化石燃料之
  • 鲜花饼鲜花饼是一种以食用花卉(主要为食用玫瑰花)入馅的酥饼,为中国传统糕点,以酥脆爽口、花香沁心而著称。鲜花饼的历史可追溯到清朝,据晚清《燕京岁时录》记载:“四月以玫瑰花为之者,谓
  • 天主教鲁汶大学 (荷语)天主教鲁汶大学(荷兰语:Katholieke Universiteit Leuven,缩写为KU Leuven,官方英译:Catholic University of Leuven)是比利时的一个重要高等学府,也是世界的顶尖大学之一。其前身为
  • 菊地洋一菊地 洋一(1941年-),生于日本岩手县釜石市,技术人员,反核运动者,推动退出核电。1961年,于日本短期大学毕业后,以建筑师的身份进行了许多建筑设计的技术合作。1973年,进入美国通用电气(G
  • 福井俊彦福井俊彦(1935年9月7日-),日本经济学家、银行家。一般财团法人佳能全球战略研究所理事长。历任日本银行副总裁、株式会社富士通总研理事长、社团法人经济同友会副代表干事、第29