在量子力学以及量子场论中的传播子(propagator;核子,kernel),是描述粒子在特定时间由一处移动到另一处的几率幅,或是粒子以特定能量及动量移动的几率幅。传播子也是场的运动方程的格林函数。物理学家使用核子计算费恩曼图以及散射过程的概率。
自由粒子(波包)的核子是

量子谐振子的Mehler核子(英语:Mehler kernel)
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通过泛函积分,核子等于
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L是拉氏量。
克戈场论(Klein-Gordon)的Feynman传播子
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据黄教授说,这是

H是汉克尔函数,K是贝塞尔函数,δ是狄拉克δ函数,
。
Feynman传播子使用下面的曲线积分(contour integral,留数定理)
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Feynman传播子也等于下面的真空期望值:
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上面T是路径排序算子,
是单位阶跃函数。
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
传播子也是格林函数
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这描述费米子、电子。
光子传播子是
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也阅读FP鬼子,给予胶子传播子或杨米尔斯传播子:

选择
需要规范固定。
引力子的传播子是
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