首页 >
praziquantel
✍ dations ◷ 2025-08-03 09:11:48 #praziquantel
吡喹酮(英语:Praziquantel,或英语:Biltricide)为一种用于人类及动物的驱虫药,专门治疗绦虫及吸虫。对于血吸虫、中华肝吸虫、广节裂头绦虫(英语:Diphyllobothrium latum)特别有效,吡喹酮为世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单上的药物,为世界上对于基本公共卫生最重要的药物之一。1970年代由拜耳公司的药学部研发成功。吡喹酮可以用于治疗人类、哺乳类,以及鱼类的寄生虫病。包含肠胃道或是外部的感染,以下为其适用疾病:The majority of side effects develop due to the release of the contents of the parasites as they are killed and the consequent host immune reaction. The heavier the parasite burden, the heavier and more frequent the side effects normally are.The antibiotic rifampicin decreases plasma concentrations of praziquantel.Carbamazepine and phenytoin are reported to reduce the bioavailability of praziquantel.Chloroquine reduces the bioavailability of praziquantel.The drug cimetidine heightens praziquantel bioavailability.The mode of action is not exactly known at present, but experimental evidence indicates praziquantel increases the permeability of the membranes of schistosome cells towards calcium ions. The drug thereby induces contraction of the parasites, resulting in paralysis in the contracted state. The dying parasites are dislodged from their site of action in the host organism and may enter systemic circulation or may be destroyed by host immune reaction (phagocytosis). Additional mechanisms including focal disintegrations and disturbances of oviposition (laying of eggs) are seen in other types of sensitive parasites.Another hypothesis concerning the mechanism of action of praziquantel has been recently reported. The drug seems to interfere with adenosine uptake in cultured worms. This effect may have therapeutical relevance given that the schistosome, as the Taenia(英语:Taenia (genus)) and the Echinococcus(英语:Echinococcus) (other praziquantel-sensitive parasites), is unable to synthesize purines such as adenosine de novo.Bayer's Animal Health Division website states, "Praziquantel is active against cestodes (tapeworms). Praziquantel is absorbed, metabolized in the liver, and excreted in the bile. Upon entering the digestive tract from the bile, cestocidal activity is exhibited. Following exposure to praziquantel, the tapeworm loses its ability to resist digestion by the mammalian host. Because of this, whole tapeworms, including the scolices (plural of "scolex"), are very rarely passed after administration of praziquantel. In many instances, only disintegrated and partially digested pieces of tapeworms will be seen in the stool. The majority of tapeworms are digested and are not found in the feces."Praziquantel is administered as a racemate, but only the (R)-enantiomer is biologically active; the enantiomers may be separated using a resolution of an amine obtained from praziquantel.Praziquantel is well absorbed (about 80%) from the gastrointestinal tract. However, due to extensive first-pass metabolism, only a relatively small amount enters systemic circulation. Praziquantel has a serum half-life of 0.8 to 1.5 hours in adults with normal renal and liver function. Metabolites have a half-life of 4 to 5 hours. In patients with significantly impaired liver function (Child Pugh classes B ll///d C), the serum half-life is increased to 3 to 8 hours. Praziquantel and its metabolites are mainly excreted renally; within 24 hours after a single oral dose, 70 to 80% is found in urine, but less than 0.1% as the unchanged drug. Praziquantel is metabolized through the cytochrome P450 pathway via CYP3A4. Agents that induce or inhibit(英语:Enzyme induction and inhibition) CYP3A4 such as phenytoin, rifampin, and azole antifungals will affect the metabolism of praziquantel.Praziquantel has a particularly dramatic effect on patients with schistosomiasis. Studies of those treated have shown that within six months of receiving a dose of praziquantel, up to 90% of the damage done to internal organs due to schistosomiasis infection can be reversed.Praziquantel was developed in the laboratories for parasitological research of Bayer AG and Merck KGaA in Germany (Elberfeld and Darmstadt) in the mid 1970s.吡喹酮名列世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单之中, 是世界上对于基本公共卫生最重要的药物之一。在英国,吡喹酮并未获准在人体上使用。但在必要时可以根据在患者实名的情况下进口。在英国吡喹酮可以作为兽用驱虫药销售。在美国,吡喹酮被FDA批准用于血吸虫病及肝吸虫病的治疗,尽管它对其他种类的感染也有效。Template:Anthelmintics
相关
- 绿菌门绿菌门是一类进行不产氧光合作用的细菌。这类细菌没有已知的近亲,最近的类群为拟杆菌门。绿菌门通常不活动(一个种具有鞭毛),形状为球状、杆状或者螺旋状。其生存要求无氧环境和
- 养老院老人院也叫安老院、养老院、安养院,是一些社区服务的机构,是为老人提供住宿和日常起居照顾的地方,工作人员分为社工、护士、医生、义工及助理员等,提供的是老人服务。老人院因为
- 羟基脲羟基脲(INN:Hydroxycarbamide,又名Hydroxyurea,商品名包括Hydrea和Droxia)是一种化疗及抗逆转录病毒药物,被用于治疗慢性粒细胞白血病、骨髓增生性疾病和镰刀型细胞贫血症等疾病。
- 替米沙坦(必康平,Micardis)替米沙坦(国际非专利药品名称:Telmisartan) 是一种血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂(英语:ARB),用于治疗高血压。现时大部分降血压药的疗效最长只能维持10小时。 替米沙坦 (Telmisartan) 的
- 栓塞栓塞(英语:embolism)是指血管内的固体,液体或气体团块随血流被运送到远端并造成血流阻塞。造成阻塞的固体,液体或气体团块被称为栓子)。栓塞和血栓形成不同,后者是血栓在其形成部
- 克雷伯氏菌属克雷伯氏菌属(学名:Klebsiella)是肠杆菌目肠杆菌科的一属,为革兰氏阴性菌,杆状,其中包括了人类感染症常见的克雷伯氏肺炎菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)。克雷伯氏菌属的命名,是纪念德
- 医院信息系统医院信息系统,亦称医院管理信息系统,是指利用计算机软硬件技术、网络通信技术等现代化手段,对医院及其所属各部门的人流、物流、财流进行综合管理,对在医疗、诊断活动各阶段产生
- 贺拉斯昆图斯·贺拉斯·弗拉库斯(拉丁语:Quintus Horatius Flaccus、希腊语:Οράτιος,前65年12月8日意大利韦诺萨 - 前8年11月27日意大利罗马),奥古斯都时期的著名诗人、批评家、
- 热带莽原疏林莽原或译稀树莽原、稀树草原(Taíno阿拉瓦克语:sabana),分布于热带地区的又称热带莽原,主要分布于非洲、巴西和澳大利亚的部分地区,草类高大茂密,稀疏的林木散布其间。高温而有
- 加勒比加勒比可以指: